Category Archives: Equipment

Portable Station

While out this morning  on VK5/SE-013, I finally remembered to take a few photos of my setup, so here goes!

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After sitting on the ground too many times, it has come down to this!  A lightweight table – just big enough for the KX3, paper log and laptop (for the easy summits) -and best of all, got it on special for only $30!

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This summit is a very easy one, and we have set up here, with the squid pole for the dipole tied up to a post just behind me.   The 2nd set of headphones – yep – for 5RR who took the photos today.  Earphones are an essential – they keep the ears warm on the cold summit, and if there is any wind you really need them to hear.

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The headset just makes it easy – and the Yamaha CM-500 is a mid-priced headset that matches up with the KX3 pretty well – I always get great audio reports.

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The station from the operating position – the walkstool can be seen, and for the astute, you will see the foot switch – the black disk on the ground near the corner of the table, which keeps both hands free for logging or tuning. Usually just have a 9aH SLAB for power – means we can go for about 5 hours between charges.  The little blue box near the KX3 is the power conditioner – a great addition – it allows input from between 8-30V and you can set the output from 2-16V @ 6A (QS-1212CCBA 80W).

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The whole lot, squid pole supporting the antenna, stools, table and bag to pack everything up in, ready for the next summit.

So, what does your portable station look like?

Oh, yeah, Forgot to mention, worked 40 stations on 3 bands and 3 S2S contacts in about 2 hours on a very nice morning.

Putting the KN-Q7A thru it’s paces

Last night, had the opportunity to sit down with some test gear and run the KN-Q7A 40M txcvr thru it ‘s paces.   At the moment, the only modification from stock that I have done is to replace T3 toroid in the output stage.

Having access to a 2-tone generator, calibrated signal source and spectrum analyzer, power meter and dummy load was what we used for the testing.

Silly me, did not get any screen-shots of the output.

Basically, we did a 2-tone test, minimal discernible signal, IF bandwidth, spurious output.

2-tone test

Adjusted the level of the tones until the output power peaked – and it peaked right at the 13W mark.  We left it key-down into a dummy load for around 10-15 minutes – which is far more brutal than any real-world use will ever be!  The Final did of course warm up a bit- was certainly warm but not so hot that you could not touch it with your finger.  The whole case (heatsink) did increase in temperature, showing that the design is quite adequate.

We took a look and found that the output was not that clean!  It took a little bit of trimming of the BFO to improve things, and once sorted out, it looked like the IMD at it’s worst – which was when we dropped the input level so that the output power was around the 10W mark.  It was at about -23db.  While not brilliant, nowhere near as bad as what others have reported.

The odd thing was that there is a very “sweet spot” when it was driven pretty hard and at full output power, we saw the IMD drop right down to around -30db!  Yes, at full output power, the signal was a lot cleaner than at all lower levels.  The Worst case was in fact -mid-power – right in the area where normal voice would be.

This pretty much confirms that I need to go ahead and build a compressor before feeding the audio into the 602 Mixer – a mod I had actually planned on doing.

Minimum discernible signal

We used a reference level signal generator and set it to about 7.090, tuned the rx to it. Then it was simply a case  of tweaking the RX until the tone was mid-range in the bandpass filter then lowering the level. Surprisingly good is what I would say here!  a CW tone was easily heard way down at around -124dbm!  beyond here it was noticeable for another 2db, but all gone and nothing heard at all at -127dbm.

Lets look at -124dbm – that is 0.14uV and that makes it a pretty hot RX!  My “gut feel”  that it was a good rx was totally confirmed.

But let’s not get ahead of ourselves – this was a single-tone test and listening by ear, so lets be a bit realistic and add 10db to that single tone figure  and at -116dbm = 0.35uV

IF bandwidth

Pumping in a CW signal at 7.095, at -90dbm level then tuned the RX to it.  Then by listening to the output, the signal was varied up/down in 100hz steps.  It was dead easy to show that the B/W if the IF Xtal filter is as I had already determined is 1.8khz wide, with a very clean, response with a slight roll-off at the 100hz mark on each side.  I wish that my other commercial gear was as good to tell the truth!

-90db signal level gave us 35db over the minimal level, so that all we can say is that at 1.8khz, the filter is better than 35db.  Didn’t think to try this at a higher level to determine how steep and sharp the filter is, but in the real world it is certainly good!

Spurious output

Well this is where it got a little interesting – and yes there were a few bumps along the way.

First off, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th order harmonic outputs.

2nd was at about -63db, 3rd was at -68db, 4th was at -72db and 5th was at -80db.  Could not determine if there was any higher orders as they were in the noise floor.  Given that on 40M the 2nd, 3rd and 4th fall into other Amateur bands, this is not going to cause any interference – especially when you look at the levels!  -63db with a 13W output is way down at 7 micro watts!

Now the VFO/BFO products. this is where things were not quite as clean!  There were 3 obvious products – 1.3Meg, 5.8Meg and 8.4Meg. If you look at the IF frequency then these all make sense!

It is output + and – the IF difference – 8.467 – 7.1 = 1.3Meg (approx), and then 7.1 + and – the 1.3Meg

If = 8.467Mhz, VFO = 15.570Mhz (+2khz, – 35khz)

The 2 that were +- 1.3Meg from the signal were around the -45db mark and the one at 1.3Meg was down a little more – at about -48db.  Rather than a simple low-pass filter on the output, a better band-pass filter that is reasonably tight would be needed to knock these unwanted products down a bit more.

Measured v’s Spec’s

Finally, lets pull the “specs” and compare them to what we actually measured!

My kit was the Mar 2014 Rev D PCB V2.2 with the IRF530 FET as the final.

  • RF output: about 10 W PEP @ 13.8 V
  • Spur suppression: better than -43 dBc
  • Sensitivity: better than 0.5 μV at 10 dB SNR
  • IF bandwidth: about 2.0 kHz

What we measured

  • RF output:  13W PEP @ 13.8 V
  • Spur emission: -45 dBc
  • Sensitivity: 0.35 μV at 10 dB SNR
  • IF bandwidth: 1.8 kHz

Now, in all of this testing, the only adjustment that was made was the BFO trimmer, all other tuning was left as it was from my initial tuning.  Truth be known, a little bit of tweaking could have possibly seen some further improvements, but that was not the point – it was to look at what was going on by doing nothing more than following the tuning steps – which is exactly what anyone building the kit would have done.

Lets face it, all in all, for a transceiver that costs only a bit over $100, this is really quite impressive!

Yes, doing these measurements  and now having something to go on shows me that this design if advanced just a little more could move it from pretty good to excellent!

From a pure usability perspective, adding a “tune button”  – resistor to gnd + bypass cap on the NE602 to un-balance it and give around 2W out would be nicer than having to do the whole whistle/tune thingy!

Adding the compressor stage and and AGC to improve both TX and RX experience and finally, a little more output filtering would take this from a good to a great transceiver.

Now, I am going to get on and build the DDS to give me a tad more band coverage, built an audio compressor stage, another Audio out stage with AGC myself over the coming weeks, that is of course, between getting lots of use out of this little rig!

40M SSB Transceiver kit

A few days ago my KN-Q7A 40M SSB txcvr kit by crkits arrived.

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When it turned up, I had to take a 2nd look – this thing is tiny – somehow I thought it was going to be bigger.

I have been putting it all together and at the moment the RX is finished and working, just the Output (Power Amp) Stage and physically putting it all together to go.

I spent a few hours over 2 evening and the assembly instructions are both logical and very good!  It is not a kit for the first time builder, but on the same token, with a few kits under your belt it would be an easy one to tackle.

Already, I am reasonably impressed with the receiver.  it has a nice, tight bandwidth –  350-2100hz, and about -45db at 2500hz.  Sensitivity-wise, I am only guessing, but based on my Vertical antenna and dipole, it is quite comparable to both the Icom 706 and the TS-2000 (with the TS 2000 set to 300hz/2200hz filter bandwidth).   I usually like to use 200/2400 on the filter so this receiver is very close.

Initially I am building it as-is and once it is all up and working I’ll then go and do a few mods to improve it in a couple of areas.

I went with the 7080-7100 VXO version and a quick check and It tunes from around 7077 – 7102, just perfect to cover 7090 and 7100 (and a little more as well).  Already, I have found that tuning is very touchy, but that will be solved when I modify it and add a DDS – yep I have the ILER DDS Kit  which will  replace the VXO – it will give me decent stability and be much easier to tune.

ILER-DDS

As this is a kit, it can be built to fit inside the case of the Transceiver, with the display in the top.

There are some nice suggestions over at David – VK3IL‘s blog for some mods that he has done and a bit of discussion relating to other possible mods as well.

The only other mods I am looking at is to add some audio processing before the Mixer – just a tad of compression to keep the average output power up,  probably looking at replacing or adding an extra audio stage  with some ALC and also to replace the toroid in the output transformer as per David’s suggestion.

Hopefully I’ll have it on air in a few days time, then start on all the mods.